Ghiyas ud din Balban (reigned: 1266–1287) (Urdu: غیاث الدین بلبن‎); (Hindi: ग़ियास उद-दीन बलबन Ghiyās ud-Dīn Balban) was the ninth sultan of the Mamluk dynasty of Delhi. Whenever any member of “The Forty” made any mistake, he was severely punished. Personal Character: Balban was a strict disciplinarian. All his officers were supposed to perform both administrative and military duties. Balban: theory of Kingship and Judicial System Theory of kingship Balban was a despotic ruler and the reestablishment of the prestige of the crown was the immediate need before him. After coming to the throne she was successful in maintaining law and order. Similarly a strong army was a necessity for a strong monarchy. TOS Ghiasuddin Balban is the greatest Sultan of the Slave dynasty and an extremely shrewd military chief. The incharge of each province was known as governor. Balban reorganized his army and made it an efficient instrument. Whereas the real power was rooted in Sunni fraternity bhashana or milalat. 3. Qaiqabad was a weak ruler, and the administration was actually run by his officer Malik Nizamuddin. Balban could never recover from the tragedy and died in 1286. He was the supreme commander of the army and the supreme executive and judicial authority. The administration of Balban was half military and half civil. Razia gave emphasis on Justice. A great warrior, administrator and statesman, he established an absolute monarchy and consolidated the Turkish rule in northern India. The administration of Balban was half military and half civil. When there was a weak ruler on the throne the nobles and the ulema particularly dominated him but during the reign of Balban, Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad Tughluq these checks proved ineffective. Before publishing your Article on this site, please read the following pages: 1. Early Career and Administration of Kaiqubad: When Kaiqubad ascended the throne of Delhi, he was-seventeen years old. Balban was an Ilbari Turk. The term Iqtadari system was coined by Nizamul Mulk to maintain smooth administration of the Abbassid Empire. All his officers were supposed to perform both administrative and military duties. Balban owed his success largely due to an efficient organisation of his spy- system. Balban resumed the old grants but allotted subsistence allowances j to the grantees according to their age. He rose up the ranks quickly. Besides being the leader of co-religionists (Amir-ul-Mumnin), the Sultan was the monarch of the masses. The sultans of Delhi Sultanate like Balban, Iltutmish, Allauddin Khilji etc effectively used the Iqtadari system for their centralization of power. He did not resort to the fresh conquests but kept a firm hold over the territories heritage of his illustrious master, Iltutmish. He enjoyed high posts during Iltutmish and Razia’s reign, but he proved treacherous and played an important role to depose Razia from the throne. The result was that the abuse continued. It can be said that Balban was the greatest ruler of the Slave dynasty. Ninth Sultan in the Mamluk dynasty. Balban very skilfully and sternly eliminated the group of forty slaves. Thus Balban established law and order in the Sultanate of Delhi. Balban had been a member of the group of ‘the forty’ and participated in their struggle against the Sultan for power. Lai, the Sultan was as relentless and unflinching in administering justice as Balban. Now after coming to power, he was of the view that the dignity of the Sultan and safety of his family could be possible only by breaking the power of ‘the forty’. After some time, the territory of Uchchh (Sindh) given toNaseeruddin Kubacha as an Iqta by Muhammad Gauri. Then were other junior judicial officers. They were almost kings in miniature but they had to obey the orders of the Sultan. Bahram Shah and Masud Shah also gave him enormous importance. Haibat Khan had to pay 20,000 Tankas to the widow and he never left his house after that till his death. Iltutmish rivals Balban for the distinction of being the greatest of the Slave Kings. 5. It ruled in the name of Sultan Khuda. In the administrative system of the Delhi Sultanate the central figure was the Sultan. The administration of Balban was half-military and half-civil. There was no post of Naib during his reign and the position of wazir too had become insignificant. Ghiyas ud din Balban (Reign: 1266 – 1287) The next notable ruler after Razia. The Sultan was the apex of the administration of Delhi Sultanate. Even the land and jagirs of those who were serving for the State, were handed over to the care of State officers and arrangements were made for cash payments to them. He also proved himself a visionary leader as … They sold him in Baghdad. His punishments were rather excessive and cruel which struck terror in the hearts of the people. What is the Conception of Kingship of Balban. Balban was convinced that the only way to face the internal and external dangers was to increase the power and … There was lot of discontentment and ultimately Balban cancelled the orders for the resumption of lands. He was extremely conscious and hardworking man. Balban’s Theory of Kingship and Restoration of the Prestige of the Sultan: Balban was the first ruler … He introducedSijda or Zaminbosi and Paibosi practices of the Persian courts in India. Balban realized its necessity to make his despotism effective, to safeguard his empire from the invasion of the Mongols and to quell rebellions. Critics have described Balban to be an inhuman and barbarous king but, in fact, it was the most befitting policy in the contemporary circumstances. Therefore, Balban owed his success largely due to an efficient organization of his spy- system. Balban (AD 1266-87) • The struggle between the sultan and the Turkish nobles continued, till one of the Turkish chiefs, Ulugh Khan, known in history by the name of Balban, gradually arrogated all power to himself and finally ascended the throne in AD 1266. Balban ordered him to be flogged with 500 stripes and he was handed over to the widow of the victim. There was no post of Naib during his reign and the position of wazir too had become insignificant. Balban[1200-1287] was captured by the Mongols when he was a child. Ghiyas-ud-din Balban who ruled India as the Sultan of Delhi from 1266 to 1287 A.D. was one of the greatest Sultans of the Mediaeval period. During his rule from 1266 to 1287, Balban consolidated the administrative set up of the empire and completed the work started by Iltutmush. All his officers were supposed to perform both administrative and military duties. The Republic of Balban is a very large, genial nation, remarkable for its irreverence towards religion. But the administrative establishment of Iqta was by I… Balban’s achievement entitled him to a high place among the Sultans of Delhi. He looks keen interest in matters relating to recruitment salaries and equipments of the troops. Balban also instructed to have an inquiry about the lands and jagirs which were given to different people by previous Sultans in return of their military services and came to know that many of them were kept by those old men, widows and orphans who performed no services to the State, and arranged cash pensions for them. Balban promoted junior Turks to important positions and put them on a position of equality with. As the head of the civil administration and Supreme Commander of the army he made all appointments and promotions; and not only this he also had the authority to remove anyone from the service. The news-writers were given good salaries and kept independent of the Governors and the Commanders and they were required to send correct news unmindful of the person involved. Haibat Khan was the Governor of Avadh. India - India - The Khaljīs: Balban’s immediate successors, however, were unable to manage either the administration or the factional conflicts between the old Turkish nobility and the new forces, led by the Khaljīs; after a struggle between the two factions, Jalāl al-Dīn Fīrūz Khaljī assumed the sultanate in 1290. He not only propounded the theory of divine rights of kingship but also possessed a high sense of the sovereign’s duty. The real power was in the hands of Balban, who had been largely instrumental in bringing him to the throne. The grantees continued to enjoy those lands although some of them were dead and others had become old. Even during the reign of Nasiruddin, when he worked as Naib, he tried to break up the power of ‘the forty’. After Balban's death in 1287, Delhi's kotwal Malik al-Umara Fakhruddin enthroned Balban's teenage grandson Muiz ud din Qaiqabad (or Kayqubad) with the title Muizzuddin. By the time Balban ascended the throne; most of his nobles had either died or were destroyed by Balban. He was found guilty of killing a man while drunk with wine. Administration. Although it was Balban's transformation of the royal position that became firmly ingrained in the fabric of Muslim government, Iltutmish's work was historically of great importance. The result was that Balban was able to destroy “The Forty”. It was with the help of this spy system that Balban was able to strengthen his position. The sultans were not powerful enough to rule the land in complete disregard of the sentiments of the Hindus. Slave Dynasty: Razia Sultan. When Malik Baqbaq, Governor of Badaun, caused his servant to be beaten to death, Balban ordered Baqbaq to be publicly flogged. The features of this system are as follows: 1. Strengthening administrative structure: The administration of Balban was partly military and partly civil. They had all executive, legislative and judicial powers. He restored perfect law and order within his dominion and crushed the insubordinate officials and anti- social elements with an iron hand. Judicial administration: According to Prof. K.S. Thus he was also responsible for breaking the power of the Sultan. 2. Balban protected the Sultanate from internal disorder and external danger from the Mongols. He administered even- handed justice to the public and showed no mercy even to his kith and kin if found guilty. The hard-working, cynical population of 189 million Balbanians are ruled by a mostly-benevolent dictator, who grants the populace the freedom to live their own lives but watches carefully for anyone to slip up. PreserveArticles.com is an online article publishing site that helps you to submit your knowledge so that it may be preserved for eternity. Balban was a slave of Iltutmish and belonged to the Illabari tribe of the Turks. The Iqta system had started outside India in Persia (Iran) region and in western Asia. Sultan… In his youth he was imprisoned and sold as a slave in Baghdad by the Mogols. A cup of poison and the dagger of an assassin were equally good for him. 2. He promoted junior Turkish officers to higher posts so that they could be loyal to him. Balban himself kept a control over the entire administration. The Sultan was the fountain of justice. delineates administration and theory of kingship of Balban and Iltutmish. 3. 1. He like his master Iltutmish rose to power and became the Sultan of Delhi. Secret news-writers were stationed in every Province and in every district. many of Nobles, felt that they had an equal right to rule. He was the final court of appeal. They were severely punished if they failed in their duty. Although, Balban was stern and uncompromising but his authority was just, enlightened and tolerant. His policies and measures led to the association of state and his successful Mongol’s policy successfully tackled Mongol’s threat. Her greatest achievement was the conquest of Ranthambore which was tension for her rivals in Delhi.Her achievements started increasing her status and in this situation, she started replacing members of Chahalgani or Chalisa by her own supporters. Haibat Khan had to pay 20,000 Tankas to the widow and he never left his house after that till his death. But later, on the plea of lower class, Balban cancelled his orders about the aged, the widows and the orphans and thus, a useful measure was dropped. People would Kneel down and touch the ground with their head to greet the Sultan {Sijda / Zaminbosi} and kiss the feet of Sultan {Paibosi}. 4. Administration: – The administration of the Delhi Sultanate was based on the Arabic-Persian system. The Iqtadari system did not confer any ownership in land and it was subject to transfer. He was made independent of the Minister of Finance. Under such circumstances when Balban ascended the throne, he suppressed the rebels with an iron hand and punished them cruelly. The theory of kingship propounded by Balban led to the adoption of the policy of blood and iron. 5. Balban got Amin Khan, Governor of Avadh, hanged at the gate of the city of Ayodhya. Privacy Policy He belonged to the Ilbari tribe of a well-to-do Turk family. Unit 11 covers from Alla-ud-din Khilji to Firuz Tughlaq.Within its scope,it discusses the conquest and administration of the Alla-ud –din khilji.It analyses the features of different project of Muhammed –bin-Tughlaq.Administratiom and public What problems did Balban encounter at the time of his enthronement and what measures did Balban take to solve these problems? In the time of Iltutmish, some land had been granted on condition of military service. He also believed in severe exemplary punishments even to the nobles. The stern, harsh and violent policy adopted by Balban to suppress the internal revolts and meeting with the challenges posed by foreign invaders of Mongols is known as the policy of blood and iron. Biography on Army in Balban Dynasty and Balban Administration. They were humiliated publicly and punished severely. 4. Balban ordered him to be flogged with 500 stripes and he was handed over to the widow of the victim. He is known as one of the severest kings of India. The spies used to watch the activities of his governors, military and civil officers and even that of his own sons. All the articles you read in this site are contributed by users like you, with a single vision to liberate knowledge. 4. He was appointed Diwan-i-Ariz or Army Minister. His period has been marked as an illustrious chapter in the history of the Delhi sultanate. 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