functions of crc

2020;14:539–55. Nat Commun. Google Scholar. 3, Additional file 2). 2017;8:1149. Selective release of circRNAs in platelet-derived extracellular vesicles. First, how are circRNAs exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm? Yan Y, Su M, Qin B. CircHIPK3 promotes colorectal cancer cells proliferation and metastasis via modulating of miR-1207-5p/FMNL2 signal. used high-throughput RNA-seq to analyze circRNA expression profiles in the normal colon epithelial cell line FHC and seven CRC cell lines (LoVo, SW480, HCT116, SW620, HT29, HCT8, and DLD1) and identified 112 DECs between the FHC cell line and CRC cell lines using the following selection criteria: P < 0.01 and |Log2FC| ≥1 [61]. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. N Engl J Med. Figure 1: File structure â ( ) [SWS_Crc_00022] âThe Crc â¦ Size matters: conserved proteins function in length-dependent nuclear export of circular RNAs. 2013;73:6972–86. concluded that hsa_circ_0079662 (circHOXA9), a ceRNA that binds hsa-mir-324-5p, upregulates the expression of the target gene HOXA9 and induces oxaliplatin resistance in human colon cancer through the TNF-α pathway [105]. Cancer Manag Res. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. Moreover, the AUC of serum exosomal circPNN for early-stage CRC was 0.854, suggesting that serum exosomal circPNN might be a potential noninvasive biomarker for the early diagnosis of CRC [71]. FUS affects circular RNA expression in murine embryonic stem cell-derived motor neurons. Mol Cell Biol. Natural RNA circles function as efficient microRNA sponges. e | The base pairing between reverse complementary sequences (RCMs), particularly Alu elements located in the upstream and downstream introns, bring flanking introns in close proximity to promote backsplicing. Google Scholar. 81773130), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. Thus, these circRNAs may perform various functions by sponging different miRNAs. e | Several circRNAs promote the self-renewal of colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and maintain the stemness of CRC cells (e.g., circLgr4 and circAGFG1). RBPs (e.g., QKI and FUS) play essential roles in the production of circRNAs by binding the flanking intronic regions of circRNAs [115, 116] (Fig. 1993;7:155–60. When the balance is disrupted, the expression of circRNAs is altered. Nat Commun. Jian X, He H, Zhu J, Zhang Q, Zheng Z, Liang X, et al. Cancer Manag Res. Comprehensive analysis of differential circular RNA expression in a mouse model of colitis-induced colon carcinoma. Somme de contrôles. Additionally, certain drugs or compounds may exhibit anticancer activity through a circRNA-associated axis [83, 124, 162]. Wu P, Mo Y, Peng M, Tang T, Zhong Y, Deng X, et al. Article Analysis of intron sequences reveals hallmarks of circular RNA biogenesis in animals. Wang Z, Ma K, Cheng Y, Abraham JM, Liu X, Ke X, et al. Zhang Z, Li B, Xu P, Yang B. In particular, a microarray analysis of circRNA expression profiles in CRC cells (HCT116) identified several DECs associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemoradiation resistance [63, 64]. statement and A novel protein encoded by the circular form of the SHPRH gene suppresses glioma tumorigenesis. revealed increased hsa_circ_0022382 (circFADS2) expression in 93.5% (187/200) of patients with CRC [175]. Ularcirc: visualization and enhanced analysis of circular RNAs via back and canonical forward splicing. 2019;19:826. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2002;277:30778–83. The divisor has 9 bits (therefore this is a CRC-8 polynomial), so append 8 zero bits to the input pattern . Based on these results, circNSUN2 plays a critical role in the liver metastasis of CRC by promoting interactions between IGF2BP2 and HMGA2 and increases the stability of HMGA2 mRNA through the formation of a ternary circNSUN2/IGF2BP2/HMGA2 RNA-protein complex. The Commission’s main functions are to review and analyze the current Constitution, draft a new Constitution for the Republic of The Gambia and prepare a report in relation to the new Constitution. Jin C, Wang A, Liu L, Wang G, Li G. Hsa_circ_0136666 promotes the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer through miR-136/SH2B1 axis. 2014;20:1666–70. EcircRNAs mainly function by interacting with microRNAs (miRNAs) or RBPs [12, 23, 24]. 5d; Additional file 2). 2017;10:2045–56. Exosome-delivered EGFR regulates liver microenvironment to promote gastric cancer liver metastasis. Front Genet. endstream endobj 172 0 obj <> endobj 173 0 obj <> endobj 174 0 obj <>stream Based on validation experiments such as Northern blot, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), or droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) analyses, many key circRNAs have been confirmed to be significantly dysregulated in CRC tissues, cells, blood, and exosomes (Fig. Guo JN, Li J, Zhu CL, Feng WT, Shao JX, Wan L, et al. Nucleic Acids Res. Circular RNAs are down-regulated in KRAS mutant colon cancer cells and can be transferred to exosomes. 2018;9:69–83. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Cancer Res. 2020;13:6315–27. Onco Targets Ther. 2020;18(1):51. Additionally, RBP-mediated selective transportation [180] or m6A modification [28] has been proposed to facilitate the cytoplasmic export of circRNAs. Huang M, Peng X, Yang L, Yang S, Li X, Tang S, et al. A peptide encoded by circular form of LINC-PINT suppresses oncogenic transcriptional elongation in glioblastoma. For example, hsa_circ_0001946, also known as ciRS-7 or CDR1as, is perhaps the most well-characterized circRNA and has been shown to regulate neuronal development [12, 13, 32, 43], insulin secretion [44, 45] and tumorigenesis [46, 47] by sponging or decoying miR-7 and miR-7-independent mechanisms. Oncol Rep. 2019;42:1459–66. In response to energy stress, circACC1 binds the regulatory β and γ subunits of AMPK and promotes the assembly, stabilization, and activity of the AMPK holoenzyme. 2019;12:4065–73. 2015;160:1125–34. CircHIPK3 promotes colorectal cancer growth and metastasis by sponging miR-7. 2018;32:600–1. Cell. 2015;25:981–4. CRC 990: Ecological and socioeconomic functions of tropical lowland rainforest transformation systems (Sumatra, Indonesia) In many tropical areas, rainforests are cleared in order to exploit timber and other forest products and plant crops for food, feed and fuel use. These circRNAs were widely distributed across all chromosomes and included 33.2% intronic circRNAs, 31.6% exonic circRNAs, 18.3% antisense circRNAs, and 16.9% circRNAs from other sources [71]. 2020;24:1736–42. Wang X, Ren Y, Ma S, Wang S, Circular RNA. Int J Biol Markers. 3a, b and d; Additional file 2). identified a high level of hsa_circ_0008558 (circLONP2) expression in metastasis-initiating subgroups of CRC and an essential role in the metastasis of CRC cells [118]. More importantly, Chen and colleagues reported a study in Nature Methods showing that the CRISPR-Cas13 technique can be used to knock down circRNAs without any influence on homologous mRNAs by using guide RNA targeting sequences spanning BSJ sites featured in circRNAs [206]. 2020;37:55–70.e15. 2020;24:5021–7. Translation of CircRNAs. CL and XL revised this manuscript. Theranostics. Zhou et al. 2020;13:1941–51. For instance, Du et al. Shi et al. 2016;95:430–8. These circRNAs might be potential liquid biopsy indicators for the diagnosis of CRC and may play regulatory roles in the initiation (e.g., circPNN), progression (e.g., circIFT80) or chemoresistance (e.g., circ_0000338) of CRC. Article California Privacy Statement, 2014;15:409. 2018;503:870–5. Chen ZL, Li XN, Ye CX, Chen HY, Wang ZJ. Roles of circRNAs in the tumour microenvironment. 2019;11:875–84. Therefore, the detection of the expression of these circRNAs may be important for predicting the sensitivity of patients with CRC to chemoradiotherapy in the clinic. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0004277 contributes to malignant phenotype of colorectal cancer by sponging miR-512-5p to upregulate the expression of PTMA. 2018;24:1655–61. Lai et al. Wang DK, Chong RF, Song BL, Fan KF, Liu YF. 2011;306:121–33. Therefore, other RCMs may be located in the flanking introns and facilitate backsplicing, or other factors may mediate the circularization of circITGA7. Sun J, Liu J, Zhu Q, Xu F, Kang L, Shi X. Hsa_circ_0001806 acts as a ceRNA to facilitate the Stemness of colorectal cancer cells by increasing COL1A1. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. Hsa_circ_101555 functions as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-597-5p to promote colorectal cancer progression. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. b | circRNAs also regulate cell apoptosis by inducing (e.g., circCDYL) or inhibiting (e.g., circVAPA) cell apoptosis. applied a microarray containing 162,351 human circRNA probes to screen the expression profiles of circRNAs in 4 matched CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues [54]. Jin Y, Yu LL, Zhang B, Liu CF, Chen Y. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000523 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells as miRNA sponge. Wang Z, Su M, Xiang B, Zhao K, Qin B. Circular RNA PVT1 promotes metastasis via miR-145 sponging in CRC. J Clin Oncol. Koch L. CRISPR-Cas13 targets circRNAs. Mol Cancer. Cantero-Muñoz P, Urién MA, Ruano-Ravina A. Efficacy and safety of intraoperative radiotherapy in colorectal cancer: a systematic review. 2019;16:220–32. CRC API. 2018;102:1188–94. 2003;3:330–8. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. Although most circRNAs are thought to be noncoding because they lack elements essential for cap-dependent translation, such as the 5′ cap and the 3′ poly (A) tail [10, 23, 24, 153, 154], a subset of circRNAs with initial codon sites (AUG), an open reading frame (ORF) and internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements may be translated under certain circumstances, producing unique peptides with special functions [14, 155,156,157,158,159] (Fig. First, circRNAs present distinct expression patterns in CRC tissues and blood from patients with CRC compared with normal controls, and thus, they are considered promising tissue or liquid biopsy biomarkers for the diagnosis of CRC (Additional file 3). Ma Z, Han C, Xia W, Wang S, Li X, Fang P, et al. With respect to therapeutic implications, CRC cells harboring mutant APC may be more vulnerable to DNA damaging chemotherapeutic agents, such as oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil. Hsiao KY, Lin YC, Gupta SK, Chang N, Yen L, Sun HS, et al. 2020;48:12326–35. 2019;20:675–91. 2020;28:914–28. 2017;4:38. Donate! 2020;39:91. Zhang J, Liu H, Zhao P, Zhou H, Mao T. Has_circ_0055625 from circRNA profile increases colon cancer cell growth by sponging miR-106b-5p. For example, Wang et al. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. J Cell Physiol. 2019;33:e22952. Hsa_circ_0007534 knockdown represses the development of colorectal cancer cells through regulating miR-613/SLC25A22 axis. Am J Transl Res. To undertake public education program for creation of awareness in community. Genome Biol. Another example is hsa_circ_0001313 (circCCDC66), which promotes CRC growth and metastasis [112, 113] and induces drug-resistance [37]. China, Class 25 Grade 2016, The Five-Year Program in Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P.R. Zeng K, Chen X, Xu M, Liu X, Hu X, Xu T, et al. Nat Cell Biol. Most mammalian mRNAs are conserved targets of microRNAs. The template is general and meant to accommodate a wide range of CRC designs using widely varying parameters, but they ship four built-in pre-configured CRC types for common usage, covering CRC16, CCITT, XMODEM and CRC32. 2020. Zhang M, Zhao K, Xu X, Yang Y, Yan S, Wei P, et al. Hu B, Xian Z, Zou Q, Zhang D, Su D, Yao J, et al. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2019;176:869–881.e813. Furthermore, a few circRNAs may indirectly activate or inactivate several vital signaling pathways, such as the Wnt/β-catenin pathway [73, 94, 101, 134,135,136], EGFR/RAF1/MAPK pathway [46], PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway [92], Ras pathway [89], etc., by suppressing miRNAs. Xiong W, Ai YQ, Li YF, Ye Q, Chen ZT, Qin JY, et al. In summary, CRC is a multistep, multistage and multifactor comprehensive hereditary disease, but the specific pathogenic mechanism has not been completely elucidated. Synthetic circular multi-miR sponge simultaneously inhibits miR-21 and miR-93 in esophageal carcinoma. Humphreys DT, Fossat N, Demuth M, Tam PPL, Ho JWK. Onco Targets Ther. Hardie DG, Ross FA, Hawley SA. History of the discovery and development of circRNAs. further confirmed that circCCDC66 expression was remarkably increased in radioresistant colon cancer tissues compared with radiosensitive tissues and was expressed at high levels in colon cancer cells exposed to radiation [114]. 2020;689:108434. 2015;29:2168–82. Zeng Y, Xu Y, Shu R, Sun L, Tian Y, Shi C, et al.

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