It was described as the "Twitter revolution", but almost a year on from Iran's disputed presidential elections, during which the use of social media … Here’s how it all began. [6], "Twitter revolution" is distinguished from other forms of activism because of the means by which the activists communicate and aggregate through Twitter. PEJ aims to find out what subjects in the national news the online sites focus on, and how that compared with the narrative in the traditional press. In much the same way that Icerocket and Technorati track links from blogs and other types of social media, Tweetmeme tracks the "hottest" links on Twitter. This social media first came to play in the 2009 Iranian presidential election. [20], Moreover, Twitter was applied to communicate with the audience outside Egypt to "globalized the movement and win international support to protect and sustain the uprising". Two prominent Web tracking sites, Technorati and Icerocket, monitor more than 100 million blogs and over 250 million pieces of social media, using the links to articles embedded on these sites as a proxy for determining what these subjects are. Iran fired the missiles from within their territory at the Ain Asad air base and another facility in Erbil, Iraq, at 1.30am local time (10.30pm GMT). They capture the top five linked-to stories on each list (50 stories in all each week), and reads, watches or listens to these posts and conducts a content analysis of their subject matter, just as it does for the mainstream press in its weekly News Coverage Index. Thousands of those who did change their avatars posted the tinted pictures on a site called Green Thumbnails. According to the study of the Egyptian revolution, American Scholar Linz put forward that there are four ways affect collective action: Twitter revolutions can also have a negative influence on the social movement. Many bloggers were inspired by a June 15 pictorial on the Web site of the Boston Globe that showed images of protestors immediately following the disputed election. The term simultaneously mischaracterizes and trivializes the important mass movement developing in Iran. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It is also about getting actively involved. A significant portion of the comments emphasized the role that social media was playing, particularly in reaction to a June 15 New York Times story on that subject. This process allows us to compare the New Media commentary, based on the Technorati and Icerocket list of links, with the commentary in the traditional press. It reached a peak on 20 February 2014, when dozens of protesters were killed. Iran and "The Twitter Revolution" Course Home Syllabus Units Download Course Materials; Topic Description. iran twitter revolution In May 2009 I traveled to Iran for the magazine Elle, a few days before the presidential elections. "I think that the single most effective thing we can now do is simply keep talking and writing about Iran…The more attention Iran receives, the better the situation will be for the Iranian people.". Many of those who linked to this page included the same message: "Show support for democracy in Iran add green overlay to your Twitter avatar with 1-click.". PEJ measures the topics that are of most interest to bloggers by compiling the quantitative information on links and analyzing the results. ", "As we have focused our attention on Iran in the aftermath of their ‘election,’ it is natural to want to do something to help," declared VJack at Atheist Revolution. New media over the last year created and sustained unprecedented international moral solidarity with the Iranian struggle—a struggle that was being waged many years before Twitter was ever conceived. On Tuesday, June 16, the most linked-to page was from a British blogger named Esko Reinikainen who published a "Cyberwar guide for beginners." After president Viktor Yanukovich rejected the signing of the EU–Ukraine agreement on November 21, 2013, a mass protest took place on the 'European square' in Kiev. On June 15 afternoon, the State Department official Jared Cohen sent Twitter an email, requesting it to "delay scheduled maintenance of its global network, which would have cut off service while Iranians were using Twitter to swap information and inform the outside world about the mushrooming protests around Tehran". Follow Us Search Search Keyword: ... Iran is a highly computer-literate society with a large number of bloggers and hackers. Iran's biggest mass protest since 1979 has become a global cyber-movement, fought on and fuelled by the Web and social-media tools like Twitter. A video of protestors that is described as a "riot in the streets in Tehran after election day. Similar to Icerocket and Technorati, Tweetmeme measures the number of times a link to a particular story or blog post is tweeted and retweeted. It came about as the culmination of decades of popular discontent mixed with economic turmoil and an increasingly repressive regime. famously proclaimed “The Revolution Will Be Twittered” and called Twitter “the critical tool for organizing the resistance in Iran.” If Iran’s Twitter Revolution needs a godfather, Andrew Sullivan has the best credentials in town. Twitter is highly effective on Iran’s political atmosphere and society. (+1) 202-419-4349 | Fax Long time coming"* and "Let their voices be heard! Matt Hartley, Omar El … [4] As a consequence, the revolution succeeded in the resignation of Mubarak on February 11, ending the dictatorship that lasted for over three decades. Iran’s Twitter Revolution. I've recently been reading Arkady Ostrovsky's The Invention of Russia, a history of today's Russia extending back through the Bolshevik Revolution. The Iran Twitter Revolution As you may or may not know, everyone has been following the news of the turmoil in Iran through the Internet. Using this tracking process as a base, PEJ staff compiles the lists of links weekday each day. By … Iranian Revolution, popular uprising in 1978–79 that resulted in the fall of the Pahlavi dynasty and the establishment of an Islamic republic. YouTube was another avenue through which to disseminate information about events in Iran last week. "Without Twitter the people of Iran would not have felt empowered and confident to stand up for freedom and democracy", Mark Pfeifle, a former national-security adviser wrote. The term Twitter Revolution refers to different revolutions and protests, most of which featured the use of the social networking site Twitter by protestors and demonstrators in order to communicate: In the "Twitter revolution", the relationship between the new media and social movement has three distinct characteristics: 1) The Twitter streams represent the interaction mechanism of ecological network 2) The Twitter streams embedding or be embedded into different types of control process; 3) The Twitter streams reflect the change of social movement ecology.[1]. [25] On the 27th of January, 2014 a 'Twitterstorm' was launched in order to attract global attention to the protest itself and to initiate sanctions towards the then president Viktor Yanukovich. Apart from fatigue of the population facing the policy of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, nothing foreshadowed the events of violence that followed the results. Tahir Supplies and Tahrir Doctors aimed to save lives through collecting supplies, disseminating emergency alerts and were both effective in developing a logistics network to handle medical emergencies in Tahrir Square. "RT Wondering where the truth lies? By the morning of June 18, more than 30,000 tweets included links to a Web page helpiranelection.com which encouraged Twitter users to change the color of their avatar (a picture used online to represent one’s self) to green-the symbol of the protest movement. It is an example of how social media facilitates communication among people globally in political revolutions. Tahrir Bodyguard was launched by Soraya Bahgat on Twitter to combat the mob sexual assaults in Tahrir Square. Cancel this reply Join the conversation Rather, Twitter and Facebook were more like "a spark and an accelerant", "catalyzing pro-democracy movements". "I’m not asking my President to send in the Marines or anything," avowed Rob at Say Anything Blog. That is the most attention that any single story received in a particular week in the blogosphere since mid-March when 65% of the week’s links were about the outrage over the AIG bonuses. [19] The connection was not restored until February 2. ", "There are two uprisings right now related to Iran," described Daryl Lang at PDNpulse. Iranians took to the streets after the 2009 presidential election, protesting Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, and demanding his removal from office. Esfandiari also added that social media tools like Facebook and Twitter were not ideal for rapid communication among protestors. This allowed for people outside of Tunisia to understand what was taking place in Tunisia during the revolution. (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. ", 2. While not the dominant focus of the discussion, some bloggers were critical of President Obama’s restrained response to the crisis, a debate that was also taking place in Washington. The Iranian government prohibited foreign reporters from traveling outside Tehran without special permission, and later confined them to their hotel rooms and offices. I found out that when all else was down and it was hard to call or chat on other social network sites with friends, family and people in Iran I could find them on twitter. [22] The event was massively spread through Twitter with the hashtags #euromaidan, #євромайдан and #евромайдан. While it did not change its logo, Google, along with the social networking site Facebook, announced ways they would incorporate the Persian language into their capabilities, facilitating communication from within Iran. The most notable initiatives launched on Twitter are Tahrir Supplies, Tahrir Doctors and Tahrir Bodyguard. That the U.S. government has an active interest in the unfolding of the “Twitter revolution” for Iran, is an established fact. 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800 Washington, DC 20036 USA "[14] So from the Western point of view, the voices of native Iranians writing tweets in Persian about the situation in their country were nearly absent. Together with YouTube, it helped focus the world's attention on the Iranian people's fight for democracy[citation needed] and human rights[citation needed]. It is not just about expressing one’s opinion or even passing along information. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. The average amount of daily tweets grew from 90,000 in 2012 to 130,000 during the protests. These images will help. Elements within the clergy promptly moved to exclude their former left-wing, nationalist, and intellectual allies from any positions of power in the new regime, and a return to conservative social values was enforced. Iranian Revolution - Iranian Revolution - Aftermath: On April 1, following overwhelming support in a national referendum, Khomeini declared Iran an Islamic republic. Among blogs and social media, the main universe of the NMI, the topic accounted for 63% of last week’s links. On Wednesday, June 17, one of the most linked-to pages was a blog post by Ben Parr at Mashable.com which described how the U.S. State Department had asked Twitter to refrain from performing maintenance on its servers so as to allow the flow of information coming to and from inside Iran. Even though it raised political awareness and increase participation through retweeting and reposting, there is no involvement of sacrifice, courage, physical confrontation and risk that real revolutions and real changes require. Video from Tehran where protestors clash with police, 3. One of the messages spread through Twitter included a popular hashtag #sidibouzid, which was important in highlighting the Tunisian Revolution through a hashtag. Malcolm Gladwell defined the SNS activity as weak ties and low level organization structure, and put forward that the social relations constructed through the Internet is very difficult to translate into collective action. Calling the Iran protests a ‘Twitter Revolution’ is not only distracting but also dangerous because it reduces a legitimate broad-based grassroots movement to what’s quickly becoming a cliche, after Moldova.” […] 24 July 2009, 5:27 am. By: Abbas Barzegar. Before Iran , there was Moldova , which had its own (unsuccessful) “Twitter Revolution” back in April, when young activists used online tools to coordinate protests against the country’s dubiously reelected Communist government. Valenzuela, Sebastian, Arturo Arriagada & Andres Scherman (2012). And last week, fully 98% of the links from Twitter were about Iran. The tweets took on multiple functions, from spreading unfiltered, albeit often unverified, news around the world to organizing support for those involved in the struggle. The worldwide audience was also able to have constant update with the situation in Egypt besides simply listening to the State's point of view. (One minor difference is that Tweetmeme offers the top links over the prior 24 hours while the lists used on Technorati and Icerocket offer the top links over the previous 48 hours.). [15], David Rothkopf proposes that the idea of "Twitter revolution" is an overstatement. This led to increased coverage of the events from outside the country, which helped spread awareness and ultimately help the people of Tunisia see their former President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. "I have faith in all those courageous people risking their lives so much just to speak their mind…It is this strength & character that people of lesser conviction seek to destroy and diminish in order to retain what they perceive to control. It is an example of how social media facilitates communication among people globally in political revolutions. In the thousands of tweets analyzed about Iran last week, the emphasis shifted as the story evolved and the potential of social media became more apparent. The Twitter Revolution? Another popular tweet was to a YouTube video, reportedly of Iranian civilians being shot at by Basijis, members of a government controlled militia. The same day, 240,000 tweets were written. Ukrainian Twitterati addressed tweets with the hashtag #digitalmaidan to foreign media, politicians and international organizations. Tasnim News Agency, an Iranian media outlet, tweeted a graphic Thursday showing former President Donald Trump golfing under the shadow of a bomber. Teaser for Michael Moore’s new movie where he asks the audience to give money to help "Save our CEOs" hurt by the economic downturn. [10][11][12] Golnaz Esfandiari wrote in Foreign Policy magazine that the majority of Twitter posts concerning demonstrations were products of Western users: "It's time to get Twitter's role in the events in the Iran right. Note: PEJ’s weekly News Coverage Index includes Sunday newspapers while the New Media Index is Monday through Friday. which encouraged Google to change its logo for a day in order to help the people of Iran. Furthermore, the Tunisian people spread videos and photos of violence taking place in the country at the time. [5] Thirdly, as the restrictions of the technical and social capital, minority voices are easy to be ignored, and thus, the discourse right of ordinary audience was again put on the agenda. Share. Later in the week, the top tweeted stories focused more on how users could organize and take action online. 4 days ago. In addition to the blogs and social media regularly monitored, PEJ for the week of June 15-19 examined the links being posted (or tweeted) according to the tracking site Tweetmeme. The Twitter universe can feel the anxiety and intensity of tweets coming from Iranians in real time, which sweeps us away with revolutionary dreams of an Iran that we want to see. Since 1980 following the collapse of the Shah's regime in ... similar in fashion to what occurred during the 1979 Iranian Revolution. "The ongoing struggle against the theocratic dictatorship in Iran has given many examples. The Pew Research Center’s Project for Excellence in Journalism took a special look this week at the role of Twitter and other social media to find out in an expanded version of the weekly New Media Index. For the examination of the links from Twitter, PEJ staff monitored the tracking site Tweetmeme. The twitter account I had neglected for so long came to good use since the fraudulent election results on Friday. The priorities of the bloggers are measured in terms of percentage of links. Good luk iranian people. The site also linked to various other Web resources where one could find news and information about ongoing developments. The Project also tracks the most popular news video on YouTube each week. Evgeny Morozov stresses the importance of event coverage by bilingual Iranian bloggers. [17][18], During the Egypt Revolution of 2011, the oppositional movement against the ruling of Mubarak was active on various platforms of social media. They called it the "Twitter revolution". "Do NOT publicise proxy IP’s over twitter," he advised along with "Help cover the bloggers: change your twitter settings so that your location is TEHRAN and your time zone is GMT +3.30.". Also popular was a Web survey called "Where is My Vote?" Iran's "Twitter Revolution" has arrived in Paris through an exhibition of Twitter posts and mobile phone videos shot by anti-government protesters, now turned into art. It’s been a full year since I had the privilege of witnessing and writing about Iran’s fateful election. This page showed a mosaic of green images from people who had followed the site’s advice to "Support Change for Iran from your cubicle!" "Since [author Howard] Rheingold wrote of Smart Mobs, activists have been atwitter about the potential of mobile phones and texting to effect democratic change," noted Rohan Samarajiva at Lirneasia.com. In his opinion only the people who were deeply involved in the process could comprehensibly describe the current situation—Western commentators didn't clearly understand the real situation because of language barriers, and only a small percentage of curious and demanding commentators tried to use translators to get to the root of the problem. While the original source and location of Twitter links in this analysis is often unclear, the message of these tweets clearly reflects an online activism fostered by new technology. It challenges the traditional relationship between political authorities and popular, allowing the powerless to "collaborate, coordinate, and give voice to their concerns". In … Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. The conversation online, in both blogs posts and tweets, amplified a trend PEJ has noticed in social media. Similar to its Iranian correspondent, Egypt government shut down access to Twitter in the afternoon on the day of gathering. This page was last edited on 30 January 2021, at 19:09. "The protest was driven by the suicide of Mohamed Bouazizi, an unemployed street vendor whose informal vegetable stall was shuttered by the police. During the revolution, the respondents expressed an increased use of social media."[27]. Soraya Bahgat founded the movement after being horrified by the stories of ongoing mob sexual assaults in Tahrir Square as a movement of uniformed volunteers taking a stand against these assaults. For example, "the hashtag #Jan25th was used to mobilize protesters on Twitter" to join the demonstration on Jan 25th on Tahrir Square. Instead, Twitter is mainly "used to publicize protests that are already going on—and bring the world's attention to the acts of violence committed by the regime". "[27] Because of these conditions many of the Tunisian people took to social media sites, such as Twitter, to spread their messages about the revolution. The myth of Iran's Twitter revolution This article is more than 10 years old. This journalist argues that activists who were opposed to the main political power tended to use Internet sources like text messages, email, and blog posts for communication in organizing of protest actions. Iran launches missiles at US sites in Iraq "Through it all, no one seemed to wonder why people trying to coordinate protests in Iran would be writing in any language other than Farsi. This indicates that those tweets were posted mostly by Ukrainians themselves. [4] Twitter analysis tools is played an important role in getting word about the events in Iran out to the wider world. Media across the globe have been focusing on a "Twitter Revolution" in Iran as hundreds of thousands of street protestors purportedly mobilized their … JNS.org – In early 1979, I was sent to Iran to report on the rebellion then underway.I was woefully ignorant of Iranian history, politics, and theology. Alongside praises over Twitter’s role, some analysts downplayed the site as an organizing tool and there was speculation that tweets purportedly from protestors may have been part of a disinformation campaign. Through information dissemination increase the other regional and global public attention. (Warning: this video includes graphic violence. [8], The Iranian government also chose to block websites Facebook and Twitter roughly a month prior the June 12 presidential elections. [26] Ukrainians might have been influenced to use Twitter under the Euromaidan because of the impact Twitter had for other protests. (No other story generated more than 6% of last week’s links from bloggers.). More remarkable than the election protests in Theran in June 2009 was the embrace of a popular myth that those demonstrations were the result of a novel microblogging platform named Twitter… EDITORIAL: Iran's Twitter revolution. Abbas Barzegar. Regardless of the outcome of its recent presidential election, youth and technology have combined to reshape Iranian politics. But it also shows the limits. Twitter can be named as the most important social media in Iran. "The most important one is visible in the massive street demonstrations ….A lesser, but still important, uprising concerns dissatisfaction with news coverage…The general sentiment is that the mainstream media was too slow and too cautious in covering the Iran election…Many Twitter commentators are relying on photos from Tehran for facts about what’s going on.". "Kudos to Google for ramping up Persian translation services," responded johnobclayton. Other users linked to a CNN.com story about how Iranian activists were using Twitter as a tool for mobilization and for providing accounts of events as they were happening. From blogs to "tweets" to personal Web pages, the topic dominated the online conversation far more than in the mainstream media as users passed along news, supported the protestors and shared ideas on how to use communication technology most effectively. For many in the mainstream press, Twitter became a symbol of a new kind of activism that can occur online. About a quarter (28%) of last week’s newshole was devoted to the subject according to PEJ’s News Coverage Index. The contribution of Twitter in disseminating news from Green Revolution is recognized by Obama administration. She claims that bloggers like Andrew Sullivan, who was famous for his tweets about the Tehran revolution, misunderstood the situation. Iran's post-election protests showed the world the power of new media to organise and publicise opposition in a controlled society. Prior to the revolution most of the respondents stated that they were using social media to exchange information, stay in contact with family, and receive uncensored news. As journalists are not allowed (or more like afraid) to officially transmit news out of that country, all the recently events have been followed through YouTube videos and twitter updates. *For the sake of authenticity, PEJ has a policy of not correcting misspellings or grammatical errors that appear in direct quotes from blog postings. Blogs and other new media are an important part of creating today’s news information narrative and in shaping the way Americans interact with the news. Certainly the political unrest in Iran has demonstrated as never before the power and influence of social media. Background Prior to 2005. In the traditional press, the Iranian situation also led the agenda, though to a much lesser extent. 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