When asked if the Somalia Islamic Courts Council was involved in the recent fighting in Mogadishu, which aid agencies have called the worst in 15 years, Ahmed indicated it was. A radical Islamic group with alleged ties to Al-Qaida routed quite easily the much-loathed warlords that held the Somali capital hostage for the past 16 years. It is possible they were sponsored by the UIC, and would be consistent with the strategies enunciated in our document; but that is a far cry from the sort of terrorism of which the US accuses it.[12]. This blog is set up by some Somali individuals who are sympathetic to the Union of Islamic Courts. At the end of 2005 the UIC would have been establishing strategies to be used in the coming year. Advanced users, if they wish, can also add a further layer of encryption to their submission using, President Muhammad Said Barre (1969-1991), Post intervention civil war, pre UIC (1995-2005), The rise of the Union of Islamic Courts (2000-), Aweys, al-Itihaad al-Islamiya and Osama bin Laden, Egypt, Eritra, Djibouti, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Hezbollah (2006), The secret Aweys order for an Islamic Republic, ost intervention civil war, pre UIC (1995-2005), he rise of the Union of Islamic Courts (2000-), weys, al-Itihaad al-Islamiya and Osama bin Laden, gypt, Eritra, Djibouti, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Hezbollah (2006), he secret Aweys order for an Islamic Republic, Series/Inside Somalia and the Union of Islamic Courts, http://www.cod.edu/people/faculty/yearman/somalia.htm, http://www.hananews.org/WholeArticle.asp?artId=6158, https://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/Inside_Somalia_and_the_Union_of_Islamic_Courts. Their unusual quasi-federalist structure has united Somali clans and language groups. And whether the document is genuine or not, one is still forced to ask: How did Somalia find itself in this situation? In this regard, two bombings have taken place in Somalia this year. Or is it the next Afghanistan? This was the first time litter and rubbish had been collected in the entire city since it collapsed into chaos over a decade earlier. Paranoids! Somalia has become a by-word for failed state. Anything embarrassing to Aweys and the UIC, which undercuts its alliances and internal cohesion, aids the TFG and its allies. No faction emerged as dominant; alliances shifted, battles were fought, but chaos remained. Many of the strategies in the document came to fruition. His regime was also brutally authoritarian, murdering thousands. It advocates alliances with clans, supporting local leaders. Is it credible? Contact us to discuss how to proceed. The US has also been involved. The 'Black Hawk Down' situation soon followed. How did the UN find itself in this situation? Ethnic Somalis live in areas of the present-day countries of Ethiopia, Kenya, and Djibouti, as well as Somalia. With a red flame of a beard, Koran close to hand and scores of machine guns and anti-aircraft guns at his command, Aweys typifies the firebrand cleric. A forger does not want to appear over the top, but still wants to inflict damage on the target. By and large, the strategies advocated in the document are those which can be expected by any faction in a civil war. He heads the courts' shura consultative council, and is regarded as the spiritual leader of the organization. If you are a high-risk source, avoid saying anything or doing anything after submitting which might promote suspicion. It seems clear from multiple confirmed reports that, despite Ethiopian denials, there are tens of thousands of Ethiopian troops in Somalia at present, mainly around Baidoa, defending the TFG. If you cannot use Tor, or your submission is very large, or you have specific requirements, WikiLeaks provides several alternative methods. The transitional administration struggles to survive, with virtually no military force of its own, lacking authority anywhere else in the country, propped up by Ethiopian troops, and backed diplomatically by UN resolutions and US threats. The clan structure of society has helped people to endure the harshness of their climate and geography, even in the face of national government neglect or abuse. Backing such a weak, increasingly illegitimate and dependent regime as it nears collapse may not only be a futile strategy: it may also further enhance the legitimacy of the UIC, as the TFG appears desperate and little more than a US-Ethiopian puppet. The buildup has continued since then, and Reuters quotes witnesses and security experts estimating 10,000 Ethiopian soldiers presently in the country. Mohamed Awil and Abdirahman Haji; Brothers, as I was just talking to brother Syed Ali and Abdirahman, and having obtained now the consent, elderly blessing and directives of HE, the President, thanks to Syed Ali for that, it is about time to do the last few actions requested by CHEC. If the audience were external, it should have been leaked further and made more use of by the US. Although the UIC's expansionist ambitions are now quite clear, Somaliland and Puntland might find such an apparent assertion of sovereignty alarming and certainly would have in November 2005.[11]. In a secret document he might be prepared to advocate less scrupulous tactics, such as assassinations and cooperation with criminals: note that the UIC itself would not be performing the assassinations, and could achieve deniability through this strategy. [13], Despite the warnings by the US Government, a man who had been detained in Somalia was transferred to the US military prison in Guantanamo Bay in September 2007, where he was held in extra-judicial detention for two and a half years and subsequently released without charge. [2], To those who believe in the essential benevolence of US power and foreign interventions - which includes the entire permissible spectrum of US political thought - the intervention in Somalia is the prime example of such benevolence. The Battle of Baidoa. In times of war most countries have the death penalty for espionage, and this language is not atypical of Aweys, but if a forgery, this sounds like a somewhat ham-fisted way of calling attention to the document. So the UIC is prepared to deal with criminals, but the targets are to be officials, not civilians, and the UIC is not prepared to carry out such actions itself. Somalia's Islamic Courts Union The Islamic movement brought a brief moment of peace to Mogadishu in 2006 after years of war. But now the Islamic courts are poised to take Baidoa. This comes at a time when over 400,000 people in Somalia are affected by flooding, with up to 900,000 at risk if the flooding worsens. In timing and outline, the general content of the document is certainly plausible. Posted in: Foreign Policy, War Terrorism, Africa, International Relations | No comments. Somalis united against the intervention forces. It recommends that public friction with the TFG, Puntland or Somaliland administrations be minimized, while allies are identified within their cabinets and support provided to them. It has begun collecting taxes in the markets. When critics point to some fairly dubious US interventions - Chile, Guatemala, Iran, Nicaragua, Panama, Iraq, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, the list goes on - the reply is, okay, but what about Somalia! If the intended audience were internal to Somalia, it does not seem likely to weaken the UIC drastically: the time to unite Puntland and Somaliland against the UIC had largely passed by Oct 3. But quite apart from Somalis' ongoing mistrust of international institutions, the TFG's very nature erodes its legitimacy. The US has accused the UIC of planning to establish a Taliban-like state; this has been denied and is unlikely given the existing Somali culture, federalist structure and no significant Arab inflow as occurred in Afghanistan. Oct 16: TFG ambassador to China receives “The Great China Project” message (see below). The ability of Somalis to survive in Mogadishu under conditions of widespread brutality and violence testifies to their resilience. One can make all manner of speculations: the TFG was protecting its source; the document was not captured until then; the TFG started circulating it as a last desperate measure to embarrass the UIC as its position crumbled; the particular documents chosen to circulate internationally may be somewhat capricious. The Islamic Courts Union (ICU; Somali: Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga;) was a legal and political organisation which was formed to address lawlessness [1] in Somalia following the fall of the Siad Barre regime in the 1991 during the Somali Civil War. It advocates supporting ethnic Somali rebels in Ethiopia, to weaken the capability of the Ethiopian military in Somalia: again, a natural strategy. Privately soft-spoken and calm, he is a Muslim scholar and lives in a middle class suburb of Mogadishu. Baidoa is not the Somali capital (Mogadishu), which was taken by the UIC in July. The first Islamic Courts were established in Maka and Medina neighborhoods of Mogadishu as early as 1991. There is substantial evidence of several Ethiopian government interventions in Somalia in recent years. They have endured the ravings, the egos, the bullying and the brutality of the warlords; and as the warlords have been banished from ever larger parts of the country by the Union of Islamic Courts, they have applauded, if nothing else, their newfound ability to go about their lives unhindered. None of these relevant facts make the Hollywood version. Nov 2: President Yusuf arrives in Beijing. It bears the imprimatur 'Islamic Republic of Somalia, Islamic Courts Administration, Office of the Chief of the Imams', and lists its subject as 'secret decision'. (Invitation letters, tickets, and hotel arranged already). Of course, as the result of an internationally-brokered agreement between major factions, it certainly has the potential to become a legitimate national government. If the document is genuine, they are damaging to the UIC and to Aweys. We may admire the hardiness of Somalis and their ability to continue life, in many respects as normal, under such adverse circumstances. The Somali intervention was supposed to be easy, painless (at least for US soldiers), and effective, returning functioning government swiftly to a region torn by strife. In November, talks between the TFG and UIC broke down, and the UIC has since moved to consolidate their position and move towards Baidoa. In the course of the 'Black Hawk Down' operation alone, the US estimates that 1000 to 1500 Somalis died, including both militia and civilians. This notable inclusiveness reflects the federalist structure of the UIC. Around 2000, the courts first united to form what would be called the ICU. WL Research Community - user contributed research based on documents published by WikiLeaks. It may well seem like a miracle: indeed, some have explicitly said so. Tails will require you to have either a USB stick or a DVD at least 4GB big and a laptop or desktop computer. Technorati tags: Yasmin Ashareh, murder, Toronto, Awad Ahmed Ashareh, Islamic Courts Union, ICU, Somalia I've confirmed with a Toronto Star reporter that Awad Ashareh is indeed Yasmin Ashareh's father. Fail in Somalia, Officials Charge", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamic_Courts_Union&oldid=998435243, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 5 January 2021, at 10:42. Troops on both sides dug in around Baidoa on December 13, and an EU diplomatic effort to avert war began, though with no results yet. Somalis often fought as proxies for their imperial overlords. Not only did this strategy fail militarily when the UIC took control in June, it also enhanced the legitimacy of the UIC. If the leak is genuine, the secret order reveals insights into Aweys' thinking and strategy. The influential Islamic Courts, now controlling the capital and much of southern Somalia, seized a key central port on Wednesday, August 16, amid reports that more than 100 government troops had defected to their side in new blows to the weak interim administration. The Courage Foundation is an international organisation dedicated to the protection of journalistic sources. At that time much of the country was controlled by warlords: one might have expected him to spend more time dealing with strategies against them. The bombings were condemned by the UIC. [13], In response to the TFG's decision to shut down Radio HornAfrik (which broadcast BBC Somali Service), Radio Shabelle and Holy Koran Radio the United States warned that the combination of arrests and media blockages could undermine any efforts at reconciliation. In 1950, five years after the end of World War II, the UN established a trust territory under Italian control. It proclaims an Islamic Republic of Somalia. [6], On 25 August 2006 the Islamic Courts reopened the historic seaport of Mogadishu, which had been one of the busiest in East Africa but had been shut down for the prior ten years. Like the dictator Muhammad Siad Barre before him, Aweys calls for a greater Somalia. "The resistance which is taking place on the Somali arena is a popular resistance against occupation, aggression and annihilation ... the Islamic Courts are part of the great Somali people," he said. No direct US interests there - what altruism! Being a compromise of the physically powerful, it includes hated warlords among its ranks, incorporating them into major ministerial posts. He's strong on building community, but his public rhetoric has also been confrontational and expansionist, calling for war against Ethiopian forces in Somalia and for a 'greater Somalia' incorporating ethnic Somali regions of Ethiopia and Kenya.[1]. (Please correct the name for me if Harare is just nickname and not the official third name). A top Islamic militia leader on Thursday sought support from Somali clan elders for the introduction of Sharia law... Get premium, high resolution news photos at Getty Images If you do this and are a high-risk source you should make sure there are no traces of the clean-up, since such traces themselves may draw suspicion. The Battle of Somalia. It is strange that he would refer to the organization already as the 'Islamic Republic of Somalia', a title which if adopted by the organization could alienate potential allies immediately by its implicit assertion of sovereignty; but, at a time of early planning, one might aim high, and later in public use more diplomatic language. Others are abroad,” said Ibrahim Hussein Adow, foreign affairs pointman for the Somalia Islamic Courts Council (SICC). The inclusion of Somaliland and Puntland is made clear by reference to 'all Somalia regions' and further within the text, which calls for the opening of Islamic courts in all districts of Puntland and Somaliland. On the other hand, the TFG may not have ever possessed as much legitimacy as its UN approval might suggest. It denounces the TFG as hunting religious leaders, and responsible for influencing the international community to believe that the UIC is a terrorist organization. The UN clings to the results of its diplomatic efforts, even as they are destroyed, along with their legitimacy, by facts on the ground. As already mentioned, the UIC is somewhat unusual, compared to other factions in the civil war. On September 18, double suicide car bombings failed to kill TFG president Abdulahi Yusuf. Djibouti has provided uniforms and medicines; Egypt has provided training within Somalia; Iran has provided arms and ammunition; Hezbollah has provided military training and arms, and UIC fighters fought Israeli soldiers alongside Hezbollah in July 2006; Libya provided training, funds and arms; Eritrea provided arms, ammunition and military equipment; Saudi Arabia provided logistical support and ammunition. Somalia is a deeply Muslim nation, but has historically practiced a relatively mild form of Islam. Vital strategy documents from both sides of the war in Somalia and a play for Chinese involvement. But it was an even larger disaster for Somalis. As for shooting leakers, it is certainly a dramatic flash of rhetoric, but Aweys is a regular practitioner of fiery oratory; and he refers only to those who leak the information and are found guilty, which sounds quite plausible from a Muslim judge and less plausible from a forger. What hope is there for Somalia's future? Adow, who has made Yemen his home in exile, said Somalis had seen the contrast between violence by the Ethiopian military backing Somalia’s interim government, and the stability the Courts brought during their six-month rule of the south in 2006. But the document does suggest favoring certain warlords over others; warlords which were ministers in the TFG might well be regarded simply as part of the TFG; and the document was more one of political than military strategy. The most popular abbreviation for Somali Islamic Courts Council is: SICC But is it genuine? Any party in a civil war can be expected to try to spread influence, establish alliances and undermine enemies. Somalia's Islamic courts are denouncing warnings by the United States that they may be planning suicide attacks in Kenya and Ethiopia. If genuinely written by Aweys, there is still the matter of explaining how it got to the TFG. The Aweys secret order was passed from the TFG to Chinese agencies on October 14, 2006 and subsequently leaked to WikiLeaks.org. According to Reuters, a confidential UN report estimated 6,000-8,000 Ethiopian troops were in Somalia in early November. On April 16, 2016, under the auspices of 42 partner countries, the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) and Federal Member States (FMS) of Somalia reached a political agreement on a security reform named Somalia’s National Security Architecture, which was subsequently endorsed by Somalia’s National Security Council on May 8, 2017. Backed by smuggled weapons from sympathetic countries, the militias which enforced their decisions have become a formidable force. Is Somalia the next Iran? Or is it a clever smear by US intelligence, designed to discredit the Union, fracture Somali alliances and manipulate China? No activities in Kenya or Tanzania are mentioned, such as those of which the US accuses the UIC. Its purported secrecy is underscored by its final directive: whosoever leaks this information and is found guilty should be shot. As evidence they cite the better functioning of the telecommunications system than some nearby countries (Somalia has 15 telephones per 1000 people, rather than 10 as in neighboring countries). There are fears that the conflict could become an Eritrea-Ethiopia proxy war. Never mind that many families are now in debt for water, and that no market incentive or regulatory obligation has convinced those private operators to purify their water: access to safe water is low even by African standards. They have continued with traditional institutions and systems, which help to maintain social cohesion. If the document is genuine, there is still the question why it was not released to the Chinese until mid October 2006. China also enjoys TFG money for infrastructure reconstruction projects. The UIC also banned khat, a popular stimulant, leading to protests. It advocates welcoming and influencing minority clans which are marginalized by the TFG, Somaliland and Puntland administrations. In 1998 the northern region of Puntland declared autonomy, asserting that it will govern itself until Somalia has a functioning government, which it will then rejoin. Prominent Somali Islamic courts leaders attend a rally in Mogadishu, 15 June 2006. Several countries have provided support to the factions in the conflict. Abdi Dayur SNM Member. These tactics stop short of terrorism against civilians or foreigners, and it is plausible that this might be the extent of the UIC's terrorist inclinations. 2-Hon. [4], Anarcho-capitalists regard the situation in Mogadishu as hopeful, pointing the way, they say, to an apparently utopian model of a capitalist economic system without a state. This includes other media organisations. It advocates minimizing animosity with religious leaders. 1 ways to abbreviate Somali Islamic Courts Council updated 2020. Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, on the other hand, has denied any great desire for land, professing that the courts are no threat and desire only order. In particular, hard drives retain data after formatting which may be visible to a digital forensics team and flash media (USB sticks, memory cards and SSD drives) retain data even after a secure erasure. She lived alone in a rooming house, working as a cashier in a local grocery … If the intended audience were foreign, such as the US or Ethiopia, a forger would be expected to cater to those interests and their fear of radical Islam and terrorism. Indeed, many of the same warlords whose militias vied for control of Mogadishu were given high-level posts in the transitional administration, continuing to operate their militias privately in the capital. [9], The Islamic Courts Union originated in the north of the Somali capital, Mogadishu, in 1994 and by 1996 their jurisdiction spread to the south of the capital. According to US intelligence, al-Itihaad al-Islamiya cooperated with the al-Qaeda members who carried out the 1998 US embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania. The Ethiopian Invasion and Occupation of Somalia continued for a further two years. Other than Aweys, the main leader in the UIC is Sheikh Sharif Skeikh Ahmed. At 61 years old, he does not fight directly, but reportedly organizes training and strategy. The Islamic Courts Union (Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamigain Somali) was a group of Sharia Courts which united themselves to form a rival administration to the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somaliawith Sharif Sheikh Ahmed as their leader. If 'Somalia' or 'Mogadishu' resonates in the Western mind, it's probably due to the US propaganda movie 'Black Hawk Down', or news reports of the 1992-1995 UN-sanctioned US intervention. Yasmin Ashareh is the young woman found with her throat cut in the west end of Toronto this past summer. The so-called Somali civil war cannot be regarded as entirely an internal affair. On December 19 the UIC-imposed deadline expired, and heavy fighting continues around Baidoa. A US State Department computer; or a TFG official calling their fledgling office a “Department of State” - either is quite plausible. The US lost 18 soldiers. The first advocates cooperation with 'criminals'; making large payments in return for assassinations of TFG, Somaliland and Puntland officials. They have shut down groups watching soccer matches. If you used flash media to store sensitive data, it is important to destroy the media. Nonetheless, their takeover of Mogadishu and the threat of full-scale war led to a stream of 18,000 refugees into Kenya by August.[6]. The final showdown is taking place in Somalia between the Islamic Courts Union, backed by al Qaeda, and the Transitional Federal Government, backed by Ethiopia. In the 1990s Aweys headed an Islamist group, al-Itihaad al-Islamiya, which received funds from Osama bin Laden, but also had elements of a Somali social movement. Somalia: Sharia court cuts off man’s hand for stealing one dollar Dec 23, 2020 4:00 pm By Robert Spencer 17 Comments The report below refers to al-Shabab’s “strict interpretation of Islamic law,” but this penalty is based on the Qur’an, which does not specify a less draconian sentence for a small theft: “As for the thief, both male and female, cut off their hands. In 1960 the former British and Italian Somali colonies became independent as a united Somalia. (See our Tor tab for more information.) They are also known as the Joint Islamic Courts, Union of Islamic Courts (UIC), Supreme Islamic In response Ethiopia has launched an invasion of Somalia with uncertain objectives. In particular, you should try to stick to your normal routine and behaviour. February 3, 2011 / Email this page. Even those who mean well often do not have the experience or expertise to advise properly. That intervention was a domestic political disaster for the US. If you are at high risk and you have the capacity to do so, you can also access the submission system through a secure operating system called Tails. Thursday, June 08, 2006. Never mind that other countries are relied upon to maintain aircraft, and that Somali airports operate without trained aircraft controllers, fire crews, runway lights, or even fences to keep out stray animals. Such oil rights would have to be renegotiated if the UIC controlled Somalia. The formerly British part is the north-western region known as Somaliland, and today operates as a de facto independent nation, though without any international recognition. The Somali conflict is on the agenda. And Aweys would certainly be an appropriate person to write such a document. The corruption inherent in that system led to a great disillusionment and cynicism towards the state amongst ordinary Somalis, reaffirming their relative trust in clan loyalties. The Supreme Islamic Courts Union / al-Ittihad Mahakem al-Islamiya (ICU) The collapse of Siad Barre's regime in 1991 created a power struggle between local Somali warlords and Islamic militia leaders. Puntland and Somaliland have been spared much of the violence of the rest of the country; together they form a contiguous region which is approximately the northern third of Somalia. Puntland has an uneasy truce with the UIC, having agreed to the establishment of Sharia law, though on its own terms, using different methods from the UIC. Brothers, as CHEC requested, we need to officially request a meeting between our above mentioned ministers and: 1-With the Chinese Minister/Ministry of Foreign Affairs (international Cooperation liaison office). If you are a high-risk source and the computer you prepared your submission on, or uploaded it from, could subsequently be audited in an investigation, we recommend that you format and dispose of the computer hard drive and any other storage media you used. The phrase amounts to an assertion of sovereignty, not only over the lands the UIC controls, but over the northern autonomous regions of Somaliland and Puntland as well. Somalia and Ethiopia have a long history of violence, dating back at least to the 1977 Ogaden war. The 'killing nuns' accusation apparently refers to the murder of a nun outside a Mogadishu hospital on September 17, swiftly condemned by the UIC, with two arrests made shortly afterwards. Special interest groups led by Abdalla Hirad and Ali Osman Samatar have unleashed a highly charged propaganda against the Union of Islamic Courts by publishing pro-Abdulllahi Yusuf articles in Hiiraan.Online. ", The residents of Mogadishu were reportedly happy with the Islamic Courts Union's authority. The UIC, through support from local imams, has gained significant popular legitimacy. The colonial situation persisted through World War II. Ethiopian forces have become involved, and there is potential for a wider regional war and great tragedy. Elopements have been banned. It advocates religious lectures to influence the public in the UIC's favour; no doubt this has been the case. [4], On 15 July 2006, the Islamic Courts Union reopened Mogadishu International Airport, which had been closed since the withdrawal of the international forces in 1995. Since 1991, it has had no effective central government. The cost of Barre's clan support was an extensive network of allegiances maintained through largesse. The membership and leadership of the Courts both contain a spectrum of Islamic thought, from liberal to Wahhabist. Its main interest now, like Ethiopia, is against any Iran-style Islamist regime. be informed the book, Islamic court fo dummies coming up very soon! The agreement outlined a new national security framework for Somalia that would transfer responsibility for the country’s security from AMISOM to Somali security forces in up… The UIC has repeatedly declared jihad on Ethiopia for supporting the TFG; Ethiopia has repeatedly denounced the UIC as a threat.[7]. Somali society is clan-based and the clan always holds a Somali's first political loyalty. But if the document is a forgery, one large question remains: the aim being to embarrass Aweys and the UIC, why was it not spread more broadly and given a more immediate date? The US government claimed that he had been a suspected Al-Qaeda member and they also said that Abdullahi Sudi Arale was a member of the ICU, although there is no evidence that either of these claims are true.[13]. From 1969 until 1991 the country was ruled by Muhammad Siad Barre, a Soviet- and then US-backed dictator. A forger would have to make a plausible fake version of the document on paper, scan it into a computer, and write an English translation. 2-With the Chinese Minister/Ministry of Commerce. It may be somewhat surprising to hear of courts - ostensibly judicial bodies - fighting in a civil war. Oct 14: TFG sends the Aweys document images and the English translation to Chinese contacts. Somalis were subject to one of the worst African dictatorships. When the US fled, the wounds were opened afresh, and they have bled freely until early this year. Where once tourism drove the Somali economy, today piracy is one of the few… Somalis were regularly lured and coerced into fratricide. 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